Universe

The Universe

Welcome to the Universe. We will start with Tyrion Lannister of physics - The Planck Length which is the smallest thing you can sensibly talk about. And... next stop is our subatomic partical  and meet our first neutrino. There are around 65 billion of them passing through just 1 square cm of Earth every second. Up next - we bump into quarks. These come in several flavours: Up, Down, Strange, Charm, Top and Bottom. These are about as close to the building blocks of nature as we have managed to get so far. Next stop -  we get to the A-list celebritites of subatomic world Neutron and Proton usually they engage in three ways: With Electron and a kinky arrangement  known as atoms .Funny thing about subatomical particles: Sometimes they behave as waves,other times as particles depending on how they are feeling and whether or not are they in mood .Which brings us to some more celebrities you have heard of Such as Helium, Hydrogen, Carbon and Cesium and all of this stuff we study in periodic table.

So far and everything in the universe is controlled by 4 forces: The Strong Force, which generally binds quarks, protons and neutrons together. Then there's weak force, which regulates radioactive decay. The electromagnetic force, which holds atoms and molecules together basically... And finally - Gravity. It was the promiscuous hussie of physics and regulates everything else like Universes.

We'll get to there later All the stuff is contained in a neat little package called The Standard Model and is about as close to a theory of everything we've managed to get so far. Generally, the little stuff comes under a title Quantum Physics and a big stuff, to which we get to in a moment, is known as Relativistic Physics Scientists are working very hard on getting the two of them to move in together but currently they have severe commitment issues.

Moving a bit further up we get to the code of life Deoxyribonucleic acid, also known as DNA. DNA is made of a sneeze called ATCG Or Adenine,  Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine depending on how these are arranged we can get anything from Ebola virus to Papyrus, to the German Iris to Miley Cyrus .Up some more now we get the Cells top favourites including Red Blood, White Blood, Dendritic and soft. The next level above that should be familiar this is where we find raindrops, Blue Whales, hakisaks, Redtube, the human race as well as subway . Out a little further now we are looking down on all of human history Including all of our insecurities, morgage repayments and ex-emotional times. M

Moving on we get to the eight planets and 146 moons of our Solar System which doesn't count Pluto Because you are not a planet. Then there's the Sun, which is a four and a half billion year old burning ball of Hydrogen and Helium several billion years from now The Sun will rage quit and turn into a red giant gobbling whatever is left of a planet by then out again, we find the Milky Way.

The Milky Way contains at least a 100 billion stars. Stars can be by themselves, or orbiting each other called a Binary Star System Or occasional group of three, which is called a Trinary/Ternary Or Ménage a star and that's not all . There's the Nebulae, which is a little starry womb where a lots of stars are born Moons, which either come from planets or are a random floating matter And comets, meteors and a million other types of astronomical bodies that there simply isn't time to talk about. At the center of our galaxy And lots of other galaxies, are Black holes ,these are enourmous wells of gravity that suck matter in and distort time. Fun fact: If you'd hold your breath while falling into a black hole You would die, obviously And then there's the rest of the Universe.

The Milky Way, our galaxy, is one of a list of hundred billion galaxies each one prettier than the last since there are a 100 billion galaxies with at least a 100 billion stars in them That means there are at least 10 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 (do the math) stars In the Universe.

The Universe itself, as far as we are aware, is about 95 billion lightyears across or to put it in another way.If you are travelling with the speed of light 300,000 kilometers per second it would take you 95,000,000,000  years to get from one side to the other except for the fact that the Universe is expanding And the expansion is getting faster which literally makes no sense.

And a...That's... that's about it really. Oh! except there might be Parallel universes And hidden dimensions of space And we completely forgot about Time. The Universe began, if you can call it that, about 14 billion years ago (the Big Bang) . The first few galaxies turned up a few hundred million years later. A few hundred millions after that we get the Milky Way and another few and you've got a very young Earth, then oceans, then life a bit later Reptiles and the Dinosaurs Game over for dinosaurs. Evolution of hominids And finally all of our bullsh*t here. Anyway Nothing means anything and we all are going to die.

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Where it All Started

THE BIG BANG THEORY

The Bang theory is a cosmological model of the the universe from the earliest known period through its subsequent full-scale evolution. The model describes how the universe expanded from its initial state of very high density and high temperature and offers a comprehensive explanation for a broad range of analysed phenomena, including the abundance of light elements, the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation, large-scale structure, and Hubble's law – the farther away galaxies , the faster they are moving away from Earth. If the observed conditions are generalised backwards in time using the known laws of physics, the prediction is that just before a period of very high density there was a singularity. Current knowledge is insufficient to determine if anything existed prior to the singularity.

Georges Lemaître first observed in 1927 that the expanding universe could be traced back in time to an originating single point, calling his theory that of the "Primeval atom". For much of the 20th century scientific community was divided between supporters of the Big Bang and the rival steady-state model, but a wide range of evidence has strongly favored the Big Bang, which is these days universally accepted. Edwin Hubble concluded from analysis of galactic redshifts in 1929 that galaxies are drifting apart; this is an important observable evidence for an expanding universe. In 1964, the CMB was discovered, which was critical evidence in favor of the hot Big Bang model, since than the theory predicted the existence of a background radiation throughout the universe.

The known laws of physics can allow us to calculate the characteristics of the universe in detail back in time to its initial state of extreme density and temperature.  Detailed measurements about the expansion rate of the universe the Big Bang is placed at around 13.8 billion years ago, which is also considered the age of the universe.After its initial expansion, the universe cooled sufficiently to allow the formation of subatomic particles, and later atoms. Giant clouds of these primordial elements – mostly hydrogen, with some helium and lithium – later came together through gravity, forming early stars and galaxies, whih are the ancestors of stars and universes which are visible today. 

Besides these primordial materials, astronomers also observe the gravitational effects of an unknown dark matter surrounding galaxies. Most of the gravitational potential in the universe seems to be in this form, and the Big Bang theory and various observations indicate that it is not the conventional baryonic matter that forms atoms. Measurements of the redshifts of Supernovae indicate that the expansion of the universe is accelerating, an observation attributed to dark energy's existence.